Quasi-static and low-velocity impact behavior of the bio-inspired hybrid Al/GFRP sandwich tube with hierarchical core: Experimental and numerical investigation

Sandwich tube structures bio-mimicking horsetail and human tendons offered significant improvement over traditional single multi-cell tubular energy absorbers. The present research aims to investigate three manufactured hybrid aluminum GFRP sandwich tubes subjected quasi-static low-velocity axial compression. crashworthiness characteristics crushing failure mechanisms of are discussed compared with the behavior Al tubes. Further investigations, based on validation an FE model versus experimental results, using commercial finite element code LS-DYNA, effects material permutation inner diameter perceived through full-factorial approach parametric study. results revealed that, packing in form generally improves patterns individual hollow Moreover, response showed that components despite AL ones depends significantly strain rate, where undergo irregular diamond deformation. Eventually bio-inspired indicate incorporating more provided optimal crashworthy design conduce a broad range applications within aerospace, transportation.